edbl-u.txt

edbl-u.txt - - - - plants\edible\edible-uses.txt 12-15-05 update pfaf.org
a list of plants for substitute uses, mostly edible uses: cocoa coffee coloring condinment curdling-agent drink eggs gelatin gum milk oil pectin rutin salt stablalizer sweetner tea

--Cocoa: Castanea dentata American Sweet Chestnut 3 1 Ceratonia siliqua Carob 3 2 Geum canadense White Avens 2 0 Geum rivale Water Avens 3 2 Tilia americana American Basswood 3 3 Tilia cordata Small Leaved Lime 5 3 Tilia platyphyllos Large Leaved Lime 5 3 Tilia x europaea Common Lime 5 3-

--Coffee:
--Colouring:

--Condinement: the various plants that are used as flavourings, either as herbs, spices or condiments.552, Abelmoschus moschatus Musk Mallow 2 3 Abies balsamea Balsam Fir 3 5 Abies fraseri She Balsam 1 3 Acer glabrum Rock Maple 2 1 Achillea ageratum Mace 2 0 Achillea millefolium Yarrow 3 4 Acinos alpinus Alpine Calamint 1 1 Acinos arvensis Basil Thyme 2 1 Acinos rotundifolius 1 1 Acorus calamus Sweet Flag 3 4 Acorus gramineus Grass-leaved Sweet Rush 3 3 Agastache cana Hoary Balm Of Gilead 2 0 Agastache rugosa Korean Mint 4 3 Aloysia triphylla Lemon Verbena 4 3 Ammi majus Bishop's Weed 1 3 Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo 1 0 Anethum graveolens Dill 4 3 Angelica archangelica Angelica 3 3 Angelica genuflexa Kneeling Angelica 2 1 Angelica glauca 2 1 Angelica japonica 3 0 Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica 3 2 Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil 3 2 Apium graveolens Wild Celery 3 3 Apium graveolens dulce Celery 4 2 Apium graveolens rapaceum Celeriac 4 2 Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla 4 3 Aralia racemosa American Spikenard 3 3 Armoracia rusticana Horseradish 3 3 Arracacia xanthorrhiza Arracacha 3 0 Artemisia abrotanum Southernwood 1 3 Artemisia absinthum Wormwood 1 3 Artemisia annua Qing Hao 1 4 Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon 4 2 Artemisia frigida Fringed Wormwood 1 2 Artemisia glacialis Glacier Wormwood 1 2 Artemisia indica 1 3 Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage 2 2 Artemisia maritima Sea Wormwood 1 2 Artemisia princeps 2 1 Artemisia stelleriana Beach Wormwood 1 0 Artemisia stolonifera 1 0 Artemisia sylvatica 1 0 Artemisia tilesii Wormwood 1 2 Artemisia tridentata Sage Brush 3 2 Artemisia umbelliformis Alpine Wormwood 1 0 Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort 2 3 Asarum canadense Snake Root 3 3 Asarum caudatum Wild Ginger 3 2 Asarum dilatatum 2 0 Asarum reflexum 2 0 Asarum shuttleworthii 2 0 Aspalathus linearis Rooibos 3 3 Athamantha cretensis Candy Carrot 1 0 Atriplex argentea expansa Silverscale Saltbush 2 0 Atriplex serenana Bractscale 2 0 Berberis chitria 2 2 Berberis vulgaris Barberry 3 3 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch 3 2 Betula glandulosa Scrub Birch 2 1 Betula kenaica Kenai Birch 3 1 Betula lenta Cherry Birch 3 3 Betula nana Dwarf Birch 2 2 Betula occidentalis Water Birch 3 2 Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles 2 2 Brassica carinata Abyssinian Cabbage 3 0 Brassica juncea Brown Mustard 4 2 Brassica juncea crispifolia Curled Mustard 4 2 Brassica juncea foliosa Leaf Mustard 4 2 Brassica juncea multiceps Green In The Snow 4 2 Brassica juncea napiformis Root Mustard 4 2 Brassica juncea rugosa Head Mustard 4 2 Brassica juncea tumida Swollen- Stem Mustard 4 2 Brassica napus Colza 3 2 Brassica napus arvensis Coleseed 3 2 Brassica napus napus Rape 3 2 Bunium bulbocastanum Pig Nut 4 1 Bunium persicum Black Caraway 3 0 Buxus sempervirens Box 1 2 Cacalia atriplicifolia 1 1 Cakile maritima Sea Rocket 2 0 Calamintha grandiflora Large- Flowered Calamint 2 2 Calamintha nepeta Lesser Calamint 3 2 Calamintha sylvatica Calamint 3 2 Calluna vulgaris Heather 2 2 Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar 1 1 Calycanthus floridus Carolina Allspice 3 2 Calycanthus floridus glaucus Eastern Sweetshrub 2 1 Calycanthus occidentalis Californian Allspice 3 1 Camellia sinensis Tea Plant 4 4 Capparis spinosa Caper 2 3 Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse 3 2 Capsicum annuum Sweet Pepper 4 3 Capsicum baccatum Locoto 3 3 Capsicum frutescens Tabasco Pepper 3 4 Capsicum pubescens Tree Pepper 3 3 Cardamine bulbosa Bulbous Bittercress 2 0 Cardamine pennsylvanica Bittercress 2 1 Cardaria draba Hoary Cress 2 1 Carum carvi Caraway 4 3 Next Centaurium erythraea Centaury 1 3 Cercis canadensis Redbud 3 2 Chamaemelum nobile Camomile 2 5 Chenopodium ficifolium Fig-Leaved Goosefoot 2 0 Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa 2 3 Chrysosplenium americanum Water Mat 1 0 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Green Rabbitbrush 2 1 Cimicifuga simplex 1 0 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor 2 3 Cistus albidus Rock Rose 1 0 Cistus creticus Rock Rose 2 2 Cistus ladanifer Labdanum 2 2 Cistus salviifolius Rock Rose 1 0 Citrofortunella microcarpa Calamondin Orange 3 0 Citrus aurantium Bitter Orange 3 3 Citrus limon Lemon 4 5 Citrus reticulata Mandarin 2 3 Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange 4 3 Cleome monophylla 2 1 Cleome ornithopodioides 1 0 Cleome viscosa Tickweed 2 2 Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil 2 1 Cnicus benedictus Blessed Thistle 2 3 Cnidium monnieri She Chuang Zi 1 3 Cochlearia anglica Long Leaved Scurvy Grass 1 0 Cochlearia macrocarpa 1 0 Cochlearia scotica 1 0 Coelopleurum lucidum 2 1 Coluria geoides 2 0 Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern 3 3 Comptonia peregrina asplenifolia Sweet Fern 3 3 Conradina verticillata Cumberland Rosemary 1 0 Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed 1 2 Conyza canadensis Canada Fleabane 1 3 Coptis trifolia Goldthread 2 2 Coriandrum sativum Coriander 4 3 Crambe orientalis 3 0 Crocus nudiflorus 2 3 Crocus sativus Saffron 3 3 Crocus serotinus 2 0 Cryptotaenia japonica Mitsuba 4 1 Cuminum cyminum Cumin 3 3 Cyclospermum leptophyllum Slender Celery 1 0 Cymopterus bulbosus Bulbous Springparsley 1 1 Cymopterus fendleri Fendler's Springparsley 2 0 Cyperus longus Galingale 2 1 Cytisus scoparius Broom 1 3 Dahlia pinnata Dahlia 1 0 Dahlia rosea Dahlia 1 1 Daucus carota Wild Carrot 2 3 Daucus carota sativus Carrot 5 3 Descurainia pinnata Tansy Mustard 2 1 Descurainia sophia Flixweed 2 2 Dianthus caryophyllus Carnation 2 2 Diospyros kaki Persimmon 4 3 Diplotaxis muralis Wall Rocket 3 0 Dodonaea viscosa Native Hops 2 2 Dracocephalum parviflorum American Dragonhead 1 1 Drimys lanceolata Mountain Pepper 3 1 Drimys winteri Winter's Bark 3 2 Eleutherococcus divaricatus 2 0 Elsholtzia ciliata 2 2 Elsholtzia fruticosa Ji Gu Chai 1 1 Eriodictyon californicum Yerba Santa 2 3 Eruca vesicaria sativa Rocket 4 1 Eucalyptus globulus Tasmanian Blue Gum 1 4 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum 1 0 Eucalyptus polybractea Blue Mallee 1 3 Eupatorium chinense 1 2 Ferula assa- foetida Asafoetida 3 3 Ferula foetida Asafoetida 2 3 Ferula gummosa Galbanum 2 2 Ferula narthex 2 2 Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet 3 3 Foeniculum vulgare Fennel 5 3 Foeniculum vulgare azoricum Florence Fennel 3 3 Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow- Leaved Ash 1 0 Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier 2 1 Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff 3 3 Gaultheria fragrantissima Fragrant Wintergreen 2 2 Gaultheria procumbens Checkerberry 4 3 Genista tinctoria Dyer's Greenweed 1 2 Gentiana lutea Yellow Gentian 1 5 Geum rivale Water Avens 3 2 Geum urbanum Wood Avens 3 3 Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy 2 3 Glehnia littoralis Bei Sha Shen 2 2 Guizotia abyssinica Niger Seed 3 1 Gynandriris sisyrinchium Spanish Nut 1 0 Halogeton arachnoideus 1 0 Hedeoma pulegioides American Pennyroyal 3 3 Hedychium gracile 1 0 Helichrysum italicum Curry Plant 2 0 Heracleum sphondylium montanum Cow Parsnip 3 2 Hierochloe odorata Holy Grass 2 2 Hydrangea anomala 3 1 Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop 2 3 Iberis amara Rocket Candytuft 1 2 Ilex vomitoria Yaupon Holly 1 1 Illicium anisatum Star Anise 1 2 next Illicium floridanum Aniseed Tree 1 0 Inula crithmoides Golden Samphire 2 0 Iris germanica Purple Flag 1 3 Iris germanica florentina Orris 1 3 Iris pallida Dalmation Iris 2 1 Jasminum humile Yellow Jasmine 1 1 Jasminum odoratissimum 1 0 Jasminum officinale Jessamine 2 2 Juniperus communis Juniper 3 3 Juniperus communis nana Juniper 3 3 Juniperus rigida Temple Juniper 2 1 Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper 3 2 Lagarostrobus franklinii Huon Pine 2 0 Lagoecia cuminoides Wild Cumin 1 0 Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 2 2 Laser trilobum Gladich 2 0 Laserpitium latifolium Laserwort 1 1 Laserpitium siler 1 1 Laurelia sempervirens Chilean Laurel 2 1 Laurus nobilis Bay Tree 3 3 Lavandula angustifolia Lavender 2 3 Lavandula latifolia Spike Lavender 2 2 Lavandula x intermedia Lavender 2 2 Ledum columbianum 2 1 Ledum glandulosum Labrador Tea 2 1 Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea 2 3 Ledum palustre Wild Rosemary 2 3 Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort 2 3 Lepidium campestre Pepperwort 2 0 Lepidium fremontii Desert Pepperweed 2 0 Lepidium intermedium 2 0 Lepidium latifolium Dittander 3 1 Lepidium nitidum Shining Pepperweed 2 0 Lepidium sativum Cress 3 1 Lepidium virginicum Wild Pepper Grass 2 2 Levisticum officinale Lovage 3 3 Ligusticum porteri Porter's Licorice Root 1 3 Ligusticum scoticum Scottish Lovage 3 2 Lilium brownii Hong Kong Lily 3 2 Lindera benzoin Spice Bush 3 3 Lindera umbellata 1 0 Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree 1 2 Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 1 1 Lomatium triternatum Nineleaf Biscuitroot 3 1 Lunaria annua Honesty 2 0 Lysimachia clethroides Gooseneck Loosestrife 1 0 Lysimachia fortunei 1 0 Magnolia denudata Lily Tree 1 2 Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia 2 2 Magnolia hypoleuca 2 2 Magnolia kobus 1 1 Magnolia virginiana Laurel Magnolia 1 3 Marrubium vulgare White Horehound 1 3 Matricaria recutita German Camomile 1 5 Megacarpaea polyandra 2 0 Melilotus albus White Melilot 2 2 Melilotus altissimus Tall Melilot 2 0 Melilotus elegans 1 0 Melilotus officinalis Melilot 2 3 Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm 3 5 Mentha aquatica Water Mint 3 3 Mentha arvensis Corn Mint 3 2 Mentha arvensis piperascens Japanese Mint 3 2 Mentha arvensis villosa American Wild Mint 3 2 Mentha asiatica Asian Mint 3 2 Mentha diemenica 2 2 Mentha longifolia Horsemint 2 2 Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal 3 3 Mentha requienii Corsican Mint 3 2 Mentha satureioides Native Pennyroyal 2 2 Mentha spicata Spearmint 4 3 Mentha suaveolens Round- Leaved Mint 2 2 Mentha x gracilis Ginger Mint 3 2 Mentha x piperita citrata Eau De Cologne Mint 2 2 Mentha x piperita officinalis White Peppermint 3 5 Mentha x piperita vulgaris Black Peppermint 4 5 Mentha x smithiana Red Raripila Mint 3 2 Mentha x villosa alopecuroides Apple Mint 4 2 Menyanthes trifoliata Bogbean 2 3 Meum athamanticum Spignel 2 1 Michelia figo Banana Shrub 1 0 Micromeria biflora Lemon Scented Thyme 2 2 Micromeria juliana Savory 1 1 Mirabilis jalapa Marvel Of Peru 2 2 Monarda citriodora Lemon Bergamot 2 0 Monarda didyma Bergamot 3 2 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot 3 2 Monarda pectinata Plains Lemon Monarda 1 2 Monarda punctata Horse Mint 1 3 Myrica cerifera Wax Myrtle 3 3 Myrica gale Bog Myrtle 2 2 Myrica heterophylla Bayberry 3 2 Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry 3 1 Myrsine africana Cape Myrtle 1 3 Myrtus communis Myrtle 3 3 Nardostachys grandiflora Spikenard 1 3 Nasturtium microphyllum Watercress 3 1 Nasturtium officinale Watercress 4 3 Nepeta cataria Catmint 3 2 Nepeta tenuifolia japonica 2 0 next Nigella arvensis Wild Fennel 2 0 Nigella damascena Love-In-A- Mist 3 1 Nigella orientalis Yellow Fennel Flower 2 0 Nigella sativa Black Cumin 3 3 Nothoscordum gracile 2 0 Ocimum basilicum Sweet Basil 4 3 Ocimum minimum Bush Basil 4 3 Oenanthe javanica Water Dropwort 3 2 Olea europaea Olive 4 3 Origanum compactum 1 0 Origanum dictamnus Dittany Of Crete 2 1 Origanum glandulosum 1 0 Origanum isthmicum 1 0 Origanum majorana Sweet Marjoram 3 3 Origanum onites Pot Marjoram 3 1 Origanum syriacum Bible Hyssop 2 0 Origanum virens 1 0 Origanum vulgare Oregano 4 3 Origanum vulgare hirtum Greek Oregano 4 3 Origanum x hybridum 1 0 Origanum x majoricum Hardy Marjoram 2 2 Osmanthus fragrans Fragrant Olive 2 2 Osmorhiza claytonii Woolly Sweet- Cicely 3 1 Osmorhiza longistylis Aniseroot 3 1 Osmorhiza obtusa 3 0 Osmorhiza occidentalis Western Sweet- Cicely 3 2 Paeonia officinalis Peony 1 2 Papaver orientale Oriental Poppy 1 1 Pastinaca sativa Parsnip 4 1 Pectis angustifolia Narrowleaf Pectis 1 1 Pectis papposa Chinchweed 1 1 Peganum harmala Syrian Rue 1 3 Pelargonium crispum Lemon Geranium 2 2 Pelargonium exstipulatum Pennyroyal Geranium 1 2 Pelargonium fragrans Nutmeg Geranium 1 2 Pelargonium graveolens Rose Geranium 2 3 Pelargonium odoratissimum Apple Geranium 2 3 Pelargonium tomentosum Peppermint Geranium 1 2 Perideridia gairdneri Yampa 5 2 Perilla frutescens Shiso 4 3 Perilla frutescens nankinensis Purple Shiso 4 3 Persea borbonia Red Bay 1 2 Petroselinum segetum Corn Caraway 1 0 Peucedanum ostruthium Masterwort 2 2 Peucedanum palustre Marsh Hog's Fennel 1 1 Peumus boldus Boldu 2 3 Phlomis lychnitis Lamwick Plant 1 0 Physalis hederaefolia cordifolia Ground Cherry 2 0 Picea glauca White Spruce 2 2 Picea mariana Black Spruce 2 2 Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce 2 2 Picea smithiana Morinda Spruce 2 0 Picrasma quassioides Nigaki 1 2 Pimpinella anisum Aniseed 4 3 Pimpinella major Greater Burnet Saxifrage 1 2 Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet Saxifrage 2 2 Pinus albicaulis White-Bark Pine 4 2 Pinus aristata Bristle- Cone Pine 2 2 Pinus armandii Chinese White Pine 4 2 Pinus ayacahuite Mexican White Pine 2 2 Pinus banksiana Jack Pine 2 2 Pinus bungeana Lace- Bark Pine 3 2 Pinus californiarum 1 2 Pinus cembra Swiss Stone Pine 4 2 Pinus cembra sibirica Siberian Pine 4 2 Pinus cembroides Mexican Pine Nut 4 2 Pinus cembroides orizabensis Mexican Pine Nut 4 2 Pinus contorta Beach Pine 3 2 Pinus coulteri Big-Cone Pine 4 2 Pinus culminicola Cerro Potosi Pinyon 2 2 Pinus densiflora Japanese Red Pine 2 2 Pinus discolor 3 2 Pinus echinata Short-Leaf Pine 2 2 Pinus edulis Rocky Mountain Piñon 4 2 Pinus flexilis Limber Pine 3 2 Pinus gerardiana Chilghoza Pine 3 2 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 2 2 Pinus henryi 2 2 Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey Pine 3 2 Pinus johannis 3 2 Pinus koraiensis Korean Nut Pine 4 2 Pinus lambertiana Sugar Pine 3 2 Pinus leiophylla Smooth- Leaf Pine 2 2 Pinus massoniana Chinese Red Pine 2 2 Pinus monophylla Single Leaf Piñon 4 2 Pinus montezumae Montezuma Pine 1 2 Pinus monticola Western White Pine 2 2 Pinus mugo Dwarf Mountain Pine 1 2 Pinus muricata Bishop's Pine 2 2 Pinus nelsonii 2 2 Pinus nigra Austrian Pine 1 2 Pinus nigra laricio Corsican Pine 1 2 Pinus palustris Pitch Pine 1 2 Pinus parviflora Japanese White Pine 4 2 Pinus patula Mexican Weeping Pine 1 2 Pinus pinaster Maritime Pine 2 2 Pinus pinea Italian Stone Pine 4 2 Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine 3 2 Pinus pumila Dwarf Siberian Pine 3 2 Pinus pungens Prickle Pine 1 2 next Pinus quadrifolia Parry Piñon 4 2 Pinus radiata Monterey Pine 1 2 Pinus remota Paper- Shell Piñon 3 2 Pinus resinosa Red Pine 1 2 Pinus rigida Northern Pitch Pine 1 2 Pinus roxburghii Chir Pine 2 2 Pinus sabiniana Digger Pine 4 2 Pinus serotina Pond Pine 1 2 Pinus strobiformis Southwestern White Pine 2 2 Pinus strobus White Pine 2 3 Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine 2 3 Pinus tabuliformis Chinese Red Pine 1 2 Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine 1 2 Pinus teocote Twisted Leaf Pine 1 2 Pinus thunbergii Japanese Black Pine 2 2 Pinus torreyana Soledad Pine 3 2 Pinus veitchii 3 2 Pinus virginiana Scrub Pine 2 2 Pinus wallichiana Himalayan Blue Pine 2 2 Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree 2 2 Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon Flower 2 3 Pogogyne douglasii parviflora Mesamint 2 1 Polygonum hydropiper Smartweed 2 2 Polygonum microcephalum 1 0 Poncirus trifoliata Bitter Orange 3 2 Pringlea antiscorbutica 2 1 Prunus besseriana Dwarf Almond 2 1 Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel 4 3 Prunus serotina Rum Cherry 4 2 Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir 2 2 Ptelea trifoliata Hop Tree 2 3 Pulmonaria saccharata Jerusalem Sage 1 0 Punica granatum Pomegranate 3 3 Pycnanthemum pilosum Mountain Mint 2 0 Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia Mountain Mint 2 2 Ranunculus ficaria Lesser Celandine 1 2 Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish 2 1 Rhamnus purshianus Cascara Sagrada 2 3 Rhus coriaria Elm- Leaved Sumach 2 1 Ribes odoratum Buffalo Currant 4 1 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 3 2 Rosa gallica French Rose 2 2 Rosa x damascena Damask Rose 2 1 Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary 2 3 Ruta chalepensis Egyptian Rue 1 1 Ruta graveolens Rue 1 3 Ruta montana Mountain Rue 1 0 Salvia apiana White Sage 3 1 Salvia clevelandii Blue Sage 1 0 Salvia columbariae Chia 3 2 Salvia elegans Pineapple Sage 1 0 Salvia fruticosa Greek Sage 2 3 Salvia glutinosa Jupiter's Distaff 1 0 Salvia lavandulifolia Spanish Sage 2 3 Salvia mellifera Californian Black Sage 1 2 Salvia microphylla Blackcurrant Sage 2 2 Salvia multicaulis 1 0 Salvia officinalis Sage 3 5 Salvia plebeia 1 1 Salvia pomifera Apple Sage 2 2 Salvia pratensis Meadow Clary 1 0 Salvia sclarea Clary 2 2 Salvia sylvestris Balkan Clary 1 0 Salvia tomentosa Balsamic Sage 1 0 Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary 2 2 Salvia viridis Clary 2 2 Santolina chamaecyparissus Cotton Lavender 2 2 Sassafras albidum Sassafras 5 3 Satureja hortensis Summer Savory 3 2 Satureja montana Winter Savory 4 3 Satureja spicigera Creeping Savory 3 2 Satureja thymbra Thyme- Leaved Savory 2 2 Saussurea costus Costus 2 3 Schinus molle California Peppertree 2 1 Schinus polygamus Huigen 1 1 Sedum acre Common Stonecrop 1 2 Sinapis alba White Mustard 3 3 Sinapis arvensis Charlock 2 1 Sison amomum Bastard Stone- Parsley 2 1 Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble Mustard 1 1 Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard 1 2 Sium suave Water Parsnip 3 1 Skimmia laureola 1 1 Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders 3 1 Smyrnium perfoliatum 3 0 Solidago odora Sweet Goldenrod 2 2 Styrax officinalis Storax Tree 1 1 Symplocos sumuntiia 2 1 Synurus palmatopinnatifidus 1 0 Synurus pungens 1 0 Tagetes erecta African Marigold 3 3 Tagetes filifolia Irish Lace 1 0 Tagetes lucida Mexican Tarragon 4 3 Tagetes minuta Muster- John- Henry 2 2 Tagetes patula French Marigold 2 2 Tagetes tenuifolia Lemon Marigold 2 0 Tanacetum balsamita Alecost 3 2 Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew 2 5 Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 2 2 Teucrium polium 1 1 next Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sage 1 2 Thlaspi arvense Pennycress 2 2 Thlaspi perfoliatum Pennycress 2 0 Thymbra spicata 1 0 Thymus caespititius Cretan Thyme 2 2 Thymus capitatus Headed Savory 2 2 Thymus cilicicus Cilician Thyme 1 2 Thymus herba- barona Caraway Thyme 3 2 Thymus hirtus 2 2 Thymus mastichina Mastic Thyme 2 2 Thymus pannonicus 2 2 Thymus praecox 2 2 Thymus praecox arcticus Wild Thyme 3 2 Thymus pulegioides Broad- Leaved Thyme 2 2 Thymus quinquecostatus 2 2 Thymus vulgaris Common Thyme 4 3 Thymus zygis 2 2 Tilia tomentosa Silver Lime 3 1 Tordylium apulum Roman Pimpernel 1 0 Trachyspermum ammi 2 3 Trifolium ornithopodioides Birdsfoot Fenugreek 1 0 Trifolium pratense Red Clover 3 3 Trifolium repens White Clover 3 2 Trigonella caerulea Sweet Trefoil 1 0 Trigonella foenum- graecum Fenugreek 4 5 Trilisa odoratissima Vanilla Plant 1 1 Tritonia crocata 1 0 Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium 4 3 Tropaeolum minus Dwarf Nasturtium 4 3 Tsuga canadensis Canadian Hemlock 1 3 Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock 1 2 Umbellularia californica California Laurel 4 2 Vaccaria hispanica Cow Cockle 1 3 Valeriana officinalis Valerian 2 3 Valeriana phu 2 1 Valeriana sambucifolia 2 3 Valeriana toluccana 2 2 Vetiveria zizanioides Vetiveria 1 0 Viola odorata Sweet Violet 5 3 Vitex agnus- castus Agnus Castus 2 5 Vitex negundo Huang Ping 2 3 Wasabia japonica Japanese Horseradish 3 1 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides 2 1 Zanthoxylum alatum Winged Prickly Ash 3 2 Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly Ash 2 3 Zanthoxylum beecheyanum 2 1 Zanthoxylum bungeanum 2 3 Zanthoxylum piperitum Japanese Pepper Tree 3 2 Zanthoxylum planispinum Winged Prickly Ash 3 2 Zanthoxylum schinifolium 2 2 Zanthoxylum simulans Szechuan Pepper 3 2 Zygophyllum fabago Syrian Bean Caper 1 0 - -end-

--Curdling Agent: used to curdle soya milk in making cheese. 17, Carduus nutans Musk Thistle 2 2 Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle 2 2 Cirsium vulgare Common Thistle 2 1 Cynara cardunculus Cardoon 3 5 Cynara scolymus Globe Artichoke 3 5 Drosera rotundifolia Sundew 1 3 Ficus carica Fig 4 2 Fumaria officinalis Fumitory 1 3 Galega officinalis Goat's Rue 2 3 Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 3 2 Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel 3 2 Pinguicula vulgaris Butterwort 1 2 Pyrularia edulis 2 0 Rhus chinensis Chinese Gall 2 3 Rumex acetosa Sorrel 5 3 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle 5 5 Withania somnifera Ashwagandha 1 3 -

--Drink: Abies grandis Grand Fir 2 2 Acacia aneura Mulga Acacia 3 0 Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern 2 2 Agave utahensis discreta Century Plant 3 1 Agave utahensis eborispina Century Plant 3 1 Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid 2 1 Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla 1 1 Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry Manzanita 2 2 Atriplex canescens Grey Sage Brush 4 1 Banksia marginata Silver Banksia 2 0 Bromus mango Mango 2 0 Buddleia asiatica Bai Bei Feng 1 1 Chenopodium pallidicaule Cañihua 3 0 Cicer arietinum Chick Pea 4 1 Clematis buchananiana 1 2 Coreopsis tinctoria atkinsoniana Coreopsis 1 1 Corispermum declinatum 1 0 Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood 2 2 Cydonia oblonga Quince 3 2 Dacrydium cupressinum Rimu 2 0 Dasylirion simplex 2 0 Dasylirion texanum 2 0 Dasylirion wheeleri Sotol 2 0 Datura inoxia Downy Thorn Apple 1 3 Datura metel Thorn Apple 1 3 Datura quercifolia Oak Leaf Datura 1 3 Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus 2 3 Eucalyptus gummifera Red Bloodwood 1 3 Euphorbia serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat 2 2 Fraxinus americana White Ash 1 2 Fuchsia fulgens 3 0 Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier 2 1 Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff 3 3 Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 3 2 Geum rivale Water Avens 3 2 Geum urbanum Wood Avens 3 3 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust 3 2 Hakea suberea Cork Tree 1 0 Haplopappus nuttallii 1 1 Hardenbergia violacea Coral Pea 1 0 Heimia salicifolia Erva De Vida 1 1 Hordeum vulgare Barley 4 3 Humulus lupulus Hop 4 5 Juncus balticus Baltic Rush 1 0 Laser trilobum Gladich 2 0 Leontice leontopetalum Rakaf 1 1 Lepidium fremontii Desert Pepperweed 2 0 Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape 3 3 Melia azederach Bead Tree 3 3 Mirabilis expansa Mauka 3 0 Myrtus communis Myrtle 3 3 Nuphar lutea Yellow Water Lily 3 2 Nuphar pumila 3 1 Ocimum basilicum Sweet Basil 4 3 Ocimum minimum Bush Basil 4 3 Ononis repens Rest Harrow 2 1 Orchis coriophora Bug Orchis 2 2 Orchis italica 2 2 Orchis laxiflora Marsh Orchis 2 2 Orchis mascula Early Purple Orchis 2 2 Orchis militaris Military Orchis 2 2 Orchis morio Green- Winged Orchid 2 2 Orchis ustulata Dark- Winged Orchis 2 2 Oxalis stricta Yellow Wood Sorrel 2 1 Oxalis violacea Violet Wood Sorrel 3 1 Panax pseudoginseng 1 3 Panax pseudoginseng notoginseng San Qi 1 5 Picea mariana Black Spruce 2 2 Pinus banksiana Jack Pine 2 2 Pinus strobus White Pine 2 3 Polygonum alaskanum Alaska Wild Rhubarb 2 1 Polygonum alpinum Alpine Knotweed 2 1 Polymnia edulis Yacon Strawberry 4 0 Prumnopitys taxifolia Matai 2 0 Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal 2 3 Prunus serotina Rum Cherry 4 2 Psoralea glandulosa Culen 3 1 Quercus semecarpifolia 2 2 Rhamnus purshianus Cascara Sagrada 2 3 Rhexia virginica Deer Grass 3 1 Rhus aromatica Lemon Sumach 4 2 Rhus copallina Dwarf Sumach 4 2 Rhus glabra Smooth Sumach 4 3 Rhus integrifolia Lemonade Berry 2 0 Rhus microphylla Desert Sumach 2 0 Rhus ovata Sugar Bush 2 1 Rhus punjabensis 3 2 Rhus punjabensis sinica 3 2 Rhus sempervirens 2 1 Rhus succedanea Wax Tree 1 2 Rhus trilobata Skunk Bush 4 2 Rhus typhina Stag's Horn Sumach 4 2 Rhus x pulvinata 4 2 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 3 2 Rosa californica California Wild Rose 2 2 Rubus ursinus Pacific Dewberry 3 2 Rumex acetosella Sheeps Sorrel 4 3 Rumex hymenosepalus Canaigre 2 2 Salix aegyptiaca 1 2 Salix exigua Coyote Willow 1 2 Next Salvia apiana White Sage 3 1 Salvia carduacea Thistle Sage 2 0 Salvia columbariae Chia 3 2 Salvia hispanica Mexican Chia 3 0 Salvia reflexa Mintweed 1 0 Sanseviera aethiopica Bowstring Hemp 1 0 Schinus molle California Peppertree 2 1 Sempervivum tectorum Houseleek 2 3 Sisymbrium irio London Rocket 1 2 Smilax aspera Sarsaparilla 3 3 Smilax rotundifolia Horse Brier 3 2 Tagetes patula French Marigold 2 2 Tamarix aphylla Athel Tamarisk 1 1 Urtica angustifolia 3 0 Urtica breweri 3 2 Urtica californica Stinging Nettle 2 2 Urtica cannabina 3 0 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle 5 5 Urtica gracilis Stinging Nettle 3 3 Urtica holosericea Stinging Nettle 3 2 Urtica hyperborea 3 0 Urtica incisa Scrub Nettle 3 0 Urtica laetivirens 3 0 Urtica lyallii Stinging Nettle 3 3 Urtica parviflora 3 1 Urtica pilulifera Roman Nettle 3 3 Urtica platyphylla 3 0 Urtica procera Stinging Nettle 3 2 Urtica serra 3 2 Urtica thunbergiana 3 0 Urtica urens Annual Nettle 3 3 Utricularia vulgaris Bladderwort 1 1 Vitis parvifolia 2 1 - -end-

--Eggs: Althaea officinalis Marsh Mallow 5 5 Ceratonia siliqua Carob 3 2 Kosteletzkya pentacarpos 3 0 Malva neglecta Dwarf Mallow 4 2 Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco 2 2 -

--Gelatine: -substitute, Smilax bona-nox Greenbriar 3 2 Smilax herbacea Carrion Flower 4 1 Smilax nipponica 3 2

--Gum -can be chewed as a chewing gum or can often be used as a sweetener or thickening agent in foods. 131, Ou = other use, Abies amabilis Red Fir 1 2 Abies balsamea Balsam Fir 3 5 Abies fraseri She Balsam 1 3 Abies grandis Grand Fir 2 2 Abies lasiocarpa Subalpine Fir , Ou 2 2 Acacia aneura Mulga Acacia 3 0 Acacia dealbata Mimosa 2 0 Acacia decurrens Green Wattle 2 1 Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia , Ou 2 2 Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 2 0 Acacia saligna Blue-Leaved Wattle 1 0 Aciphylla colensoi Wild Spaniard 2 0 Aciphylla squarrosa Speargrass , Ou 2 0 Agoseris aurantiaca Mountain Dandelion 2 1 Agoseris glauca Mountain Dandelion 1 1 Albizia julibrissin Mimosa Ou 2 2 Angophora cordifolia Smooth- Barked Apple Ou 0 1 Angophora floribunda Rough- Barked Apple Ou 0 0 Apocynum cannabinum Indian Hemp 2 2 Asclepias asperula Antelope Horns 2 1 Asclepias californica California Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias decumbens 2 0 Asclepias eriocarpa Woollypod Milkweed 2 2 Asclepias erosa Desert Milkweed 2 0 Asclepias hallii Purple Silkweed 3 1 Asclepias involucrata Dwarf Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias lanceolata Purple Silkweed 2 1 Asclepias ovalifolia 2 0 Asclepias pumila Low Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias quadrifolia Fourleaf Milkweed 2 2 Asclepias rubra Red Silkweed 3 1 Asclepias speciosa Showy Milkweed 3 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed 3 2 Asclepias viridiflora Green Milkweed 3 2 Astragalus adscendens Persian Manna , Ou 2 0 Astragalus brachycalyx , Ou 2 0 Astragalus carduchorum , Ou 2 0 Astragalus creticus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus densissimus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus florulentus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus globiflorus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus gummifer Tragacanth , Ou 2 3 Astragalus kurdicus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus leioclados , Ou 2 0 Astragalus massiliensis , Ou 3 0 Astragalus microcephalus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus parnassi cylleneus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus piletocladus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus pycnocladus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus sirinicus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus stenonychioides , Ou 2 0 Astragalus strobiliferus , Ou 2 0 Astragalus stromatodes , Ou 2 0 Astragalus turkmenorum , Ou 2 0 Atractylis gummifera , Ou 1 0 Bletilla striata Hyacinth Orchid Ou 0 3 Brachyglottis repanda Bushman's Toilet Paper 1 1 Bumelia lanuginosa Chittamwood , Ou 2 0 Calligonum aphyllum 2 0 Ceratonia siliqua Carob 3 2 Chenopodium californicum California Goosefoot 2 1 Chrysothamnus nauseosus Rubber Rabbitbrush 1 2 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Green Rabbitbrush 2 1 Cistus ladanifer Labdanum 2 2 Cycas circinalis Sago Palm 2 1 Cydonia oblonga Quince Ou 3 2 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Kahikatea 2 0 Echinops spinosissimus 1 0 Elaeagnus angustifolia Oleaster Ou 4 2 Encelia farinosa Brittle Bush 2 1 Eremurus spectabilis Ou 2 0 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red River Gum Ou 1 3 Euphorbia antisyphilitica Candelilla 2 0 Euphorbia marginata Mountain Snow 1 1 Next Ferula assa- foetida Asafoetida Ou 3 3 Ferula communis Giant Fennel Ou 1 1 Ferula foetida Asafoetida Ou 2 3 Ferula marmarica Ou 0 0 Ferula moschata Musk Root Ou 0 2 Ferula narthex Ou 2 2 Ferula persica Ou 0 1 Ferula schair Ou 0 0 Ferula szowitziana Ou 0 0 Ferula tingitana Ou 0 0 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Ou 3 2 Goodyera oblongifolia Western Rattlesnake Plantain 1 1 Grevillea robusta Silky Oak Ou 2 0 Grindelia lanceolata Rosin Weed 1 3 Grindelia squarrosa Rosin Weed 2 3 Hakea sericea Silky Hakea Ou 0 0 Helenium hoopesii Owls Claws 1 1 Hymenoxys richardsonii Pingue Hymenoxys 2 1 Juniperus monosperma One-Seed Juniper 3 2 Lactuca pulchella Blue Lettuce 2 2 Larix occidentalis Western Larch 2 2 Linum usitatissimum Flax Ou 4 3 Liquidambar orientalis Oriental Sweet Gum 2 3 Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum 2 3 Lygodesmia juncea Skeleton Weed 1 2 Melia azederach Bead Tree 3 3 Melicope ternata 1 1 Microseris procera Yam Daisy 2 0 Opopanax chironium Opopanax Ou 0 1 Opuntia compressa Eastern Prickly Pear Ou 3 1 Opuntia erinacea Mojave Prickly Pear Ou 2 0 Opuntia ficus-indica Prickly Pear , Ou 3 2 Opuntia fragilis Prickly Pear Ou 2 1 Opuntia howeyi Ou 2 0 Opuntia imbricata Tree Chola Ou 2 0 Opuntia littoralis Western Prickly Pear Ou 2 0 Opuntia macrorhiza Twist-Spine Prickly Pear Ou 2 0 Opuntia microdasys Bunny Ears Ou 2 0 Opuntia phaeacantha Bastard Fig Ou 2 1 Opuntia polyacantha Plains Prickly Pear Ou 3 1 Opuntia ramosissima Branched Pencil Cholla Ou 3 0 Oxalis corniculata Yellow Sorrel Ou 2 2 Passiflora tetrandra 1 0 Peucedanum officinale Hog's Fennel Ou 0 2 Phormium cookianum Wharariki , Ou 2 0 Phormium tenax New Zealand Flax , Ou 2 0 Picea glauca White Spruce 2 2 Picea mariana Black Spruce 2 2 Picea rubens Red Spruce 2 1 Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce 2 2 Picea smithiana Morinda Spruce 2 0 Pinus contorta Beach Pine 3 2 Pinus edulis Rocky Mountain Piñon 4 2 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 2 2 Pinus lambertiana Sugar Pine 3 2 Pinus monticola Western White Pine 2 2 Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine 3 2 Pinus sabiniana Digger Pine 4 2 Pinus strobus White Pine 2 3 Pistacia atlantica Betoum Ou 2 1 Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree 2 2 Pistacia terebinthus Terebinth 2 2 Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata , Ou 1 1 Pittosporum phillyreoides Weeping Pittosporum 2 1 Pittosporum tenuifolium Tawhiwhi 2 0 Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax Ou 0 0 Populus angustifolia Narrowleaf Cottonwood 1 2 Populus deltoides monilifera Plains Cottonwood 1 2 Populus deltoides wislizenii Rio Grande Cottonwood 2 1 Populus fremontii Cottonwood 1 2 Prunus arabica Ou 2 1 Prunus armeniaca Apricot 3 3 Prunus avium Wild Cherry 4 2 Prunus cerasoides Wild Himalayan Cherry 2 2 Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry , Ou 1 2 Prunus cerasus austera Morello Cherry , Ou 3 1 Prunus cerasus caproniana Kentish Red Cherry , Ou 3 1 Prunus cerasus frutescens Bush Sour Cherry , Ou 3 1 Prunus cerasus marasca Maraschino Cherry , Ou 3 1 Prunus domestica Plum 5 2 Prunus dulcis Almond , Ou 3 3 Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry 2 2 Prunus persica Peach 5 3 Prunus persica nucipersica Nectarine 4 3 Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir 2 2 Puya chilensis Ou 1 0 Quercus engelmannii Evergreen Oak 2 2 Quercus petraea Sessile Oak 2 3 Quercus pungens Sandpaper Oak 2 2 Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak 4 3 next Salvia glutinosa Jupiter's Distaff Ou 1 0 Schinus molle California Peppertree 2 1 Schisandra chinensis Wu Wei Zi Ou 4 5 Seseli gummiferum Ou 0 0 Silphium laciniatum Compass Plant 2 2 Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock Ou 0 2 Sonchus oleraceus Sow Thistle 2 2 Styrax serrulatus Ou 0 0 Symphytum asperum Prickly Comfrey Ou 3 2 Symphytum officinale Comfrey Ou 3 5 Symphytum uplandicum Comfrey Ou 3 5 Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar 1 2 Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify 3 2 Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock 1 2 -

--Milk: Carya illinoinensis Pecan 4 1 Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory 3 1 Corylus avellana Hazel 5 2 Corylus avellana pontica 4 0 Corylus maxima Filbert 5 0 Glycine max Soya Bean 4 2 Glycine soja Wild Soya Bean 3 2 Prunus dulcis Almond 3 3 -

--OiL: Edible = E.240, Other Uses = K.284 many uses: lubricants lighting soap paint-making waterproofing etc. K does not include the edible oils unless they also = E , Abelmoschus esculentus Okra E 4 3 Abelmoschus moschatus Musk Mallow K 2 3 Abutilon theophrasti China Jute K 3 2 Alangium chinense K 0 3 Alcea rosea Hollyhock K 3 2 Aleurites cordata Japan Wood-Oil Tree K 0 0 Aleurites fordii Tung Tree K 1 3 Allium tuberosum Garlic Chives E 5 2 Althaea officinalis Marsh Mallow K 5 5 Ambrosia artemesiifolia Roman Wormwood E 2 3 Ambrosia trifida Giant Ragweed E 1 3 Amorpha canescens Lead Plant K 2 2 Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo K 1 0 Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon E 1 1 Arachis hypogaea Peanut EK 4 2 Argemone mexicana Prickly Poppy K 1 3 Asclepias asperula Antelope Horns EK 2 1 Asclepias hallii Purple Silkweed K 3 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed K 3 2 Asclepias ovalifolia EK 2 0 Asclepias pumila Low Milkweed EK 2 1 Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed K 2 1 Asclepias quadrifolia Fourleaf Milkweed EK 2 2 Asclepias speciosa Showy Milkweed K 3 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed EK 3 2 Asclepias tuberosa Pleurisy Root K 3 3 Asclepias viridiflora Green Milkweed EK 3 2 Astelia solandri E 2 0 Avena sativa Oats E 3 3 Barbarea verna Land Cress E 3 0 Borago officinalis Borage E 3 3 Brassica carinata Abyssinian Cabbage E 3 0 Brassica elongata EK 2 0 Brassica juncea Brown Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea crispifolia Curled Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea foliosa Leaf Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea multiceps Green In The Snow E 4 2 Brassica juncea napiformis Root Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea rugosa Head Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea strumata Large Petiole Mustard E 4 2 Brassica juncea tumida Swollen- Stem Mustard E 4 2 Brassica napus Colza EK 3 2 Brassica napus arvensis Coleseed E 3 2 Brassica napus napus Rape EK 3 2 Brassica napus pabularia Rape Kale EK 3 2 Brassica nigra Black Mustard EK 3 3 Brassica rapa campestris Wild Turnip EK 2 1 Brassica rapa chinensis Pak Choi E 4 1 Brassica rapa oleifera Stubble Turnip E 2 0 Brassica rapa trilocularis Indian Colza EK 2 0 Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip- Rape E 2 0 Butia capitata Jelly Palm E 2 0 Cakile maritima Sea Rocket K 2 0 Camelina sativa Gold Of Pleasure EK 3 0 Camellia biflora E 2 0 Camellia chekiangoleosa Camellia E 2 0 Camellia gracilis Camellia E 2 0 Camellia japonica Camellia EK 3 2 Camellia kissi E 2 2 Camellia oleifera Tea-Oil Plant EK 2 2 Camellia pitardii E 2 0 Camellia polyodonta E 2 0 Camellia reticulata E 3 0 Camellia sasanqua Camellia EK 3 1 Camellia semiserrata E 2 0 Camellia sinensis Tea Plant EK 4 4 Camellia yunnanensis E 2 0 Cannabis sativa Hemp E 4 4 Capsella bursa- pastoris Shepherd's Purse E 3 2 Caragana arborescens Siberian Pea Tree K 5 1 Caragana boisii K 4 0 Caragana fruticosa K 3 0 Carduus cernuus K 1 0 Carduus crispus Welted Thistle K 1 1 Carduus nutans Musk Thistle K 2 2 Carthamnus lanatus Distaff Thistle EK 1 1 Carthamnus tinctorius Safflower EK 4 3 Carya cathayensis Chinese Hickory E 3 0 Carya cordiformis Bitternut K 3 1 Next Carya illinoinensis Pecan E 4 1 Castanea dentata American Sweet Chestnut E 3 1 Celastrus dependens K 1 2 Celtis australis Nettle Tree EK 3 2 Cephalaria syriaca Makhobeli K 2 0 Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Plum Yew EK 5 0 Cephalotaxus harringtonia drupacea Japanese Plum Yew EK 5 0 Cephalotaxus harringtonia koreana Korean Plum Yew EK 5 0 Cephalotaxus harringtonia nana Japanese Plum Yew EK 5 0 Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine K 1 3 Cirsium amplexifolium Dakiba- Hime- Azami K 1 0 Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle K 2 2 Cirsium brevicaule K 1 0 Cirsium brevistylum Indian Thistle K 3 0 Cirsium buergeri K 1 0 Cirsium chinense K 1 0 Cirsium coreanum K 1 0 Cirsium dipsacolepis K 1 0 Cirsium eatoni Eaton's Thistle K 1 1 Cirsium edule Edible Thistle K 3 0 Cirsium eriophorum Wooly Thistle K 2 0 Cirsium foliosum K 3 0 Cirsium hookerianum White Thistle K 2 0 Cirsium japonicum No-Azami K 2 2 Cirsium kamtschaticum K 1 0 Cirsium lepskyle K 1 0 Cirsium lineare K 1 0 Cirsium maackii K 1 0 Cirsium maritimum K 1 0 Cirsium nipponicum K 1 1 Cirsium occidentale Cobwebby Thistle K 2 0 Cirsium ochrocentrum Yellow Spined Thistle K 2 2 Cirsium oleraceum Cabbage Thistle K 2 0 Cirsium oligophyllum K 2 0 Cirsium pallidum Pale Thistle K 1 1 Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle K 2 0 Cirsium pectinellum K 1 0 Cirsium pendulum K 1 0 Cirsium purpuratum K 1 0 Cirsium schantarense K 1 0 Cirsium scopulorum K 1 0 Cirsium serratuloides K 1 0 Cirsium setosum K 1 1 Cirsium sieboldii K 1 0 Cirsium spicatum K 3 1 Cirsium spinosum K 1 0 Cirsium suffultum Tsukushi- Azami K 1 0 Cirsium tuberosum Tuberous Thistle K 3 0 Cirsium undulatum Wavy- Leaved Thistle K 3 1 Cirsium verutum K 1 1 Cirsium virginianum K 1 0 Cirsium vulgare Common Thistle K 2 1 Cirsium yezoense K 1 0 Citrullus lanatus Water Melon EK 4 3 Citrus aurantium Bitter Orange EK 3 3 Citrus limon Lemon K 4 5 Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange K 4 3 Cleome viscosa Tickweed E 2 2 Cnicus benedictus Blessed Thistle K 2 3 Conringia orientalis Hare's Ear Mustard E 2 0 Consolida ambigua Larkspur K 0 2 Coriandrum sativum Coriander K 4 3 Cornus alba Tartarian Dogwood K 0 0 Cornus australis EK 1 0 Cornus controversa Giant Dogwood K 2 1 Cornus hemsleyi K 0 0 Cornus iberica EK 2 0 Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry EK 4 2 Cornus oblonga K 0 3 Cornus sanguinea Dogwood EK 2 1 Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood EK 2 2 Cornus walteri K 0 0 Cornus wilsoniana K 0 0 Coronilla varia Crown Vetch K 0 1 Corylus americana American Hazel E 3 1 Corylus avellana Hazel EK 5 2 Corylus avellana pontica EK 4 0 Corylus chinensis Chinese Hazel E 2 0 Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel E 3 1 Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazel E 3 1 Corylus cornuta californica California Hazel E 3 0 Corylus fargesii E 2 0 Corylus ferox Himalayan Hazel E 2 0 Corylus heterophylla Siberian Filbert E 2 1 Corylus jacquemontii Indian Tree Hazel E 3 0 Corylus maxima Filbert E 5 0 next Corylus maxima Filbert K 5 0 Corylus sieboldiana Japanese Hazel E 3 0 Corylus sieboldiana mandschurica E 3 0 Corylus tibetica E 2 0 Corylus x colurnoides Trazel E 3 0 Corylus x vilmorinii Chinese Trazel E 2 0 Crambe abyssinica Abyssinian Kale K 0 0 Cucumis melo Melon E 4 2 Cucumis melo cantalupensis Cantaloupe Melon E 4 2 Cucumis melo chito Orange Melon E 3 2 Cucumis melo conomon Pickling Melon E 4 2 Cucumis melo flexuosus Serpent Melon E 4 2 Cucumis melo inodorus Honeydew Melon E 4 2 Cucumis melo momordica Snap Melon E 4 2 Cucumis sativus Cucumber E 4 2 Cucurbita argyrosperma Cushaw Pumpkin E 4 2 Cucurbita ficifolia Malabar Gourd E 3 2 Cucurbita foetidissima Buffalo Gourd E 3 2 Cucurbita maxima Winter Squash EK 5 3 Cucurbita moschata Squash E 5 3 Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin EK 4 3 Cyperus esculentus Tiger Nut EK 4 2 Daphne mezereum Mezereon K 0 2 Darmera peltata Umbrella Plant K 2 0 Delphinium brunonianum K 0 0 Delphinium cashmerianum K 0 1 Dendranthema indicum Chrysanthemum K 2 3 Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon E 5 1 Elsholtzia fruticosa Ji Gu Chai E 1 1 Eruca vesicaria sativa Rocket EK 4 1 Euodia daniellii EK 2 1 Euodia fraxinifolia K 2 1 Euonymus europaeus Spindle Tree K 1 2 Euphorbia lathyris Caper Spurge K 1 2 Fagopyrum tataricum Tartarian Buckwheat E 3 1 Fagus crenata Japanese Beech E 2 0 Fagus grandifolia American Beech EK 2 2 Fagus japonica Japanese Beech E 2 0 Fagus longipetiolata E 2 0 Fagus lucida E 2 0 Fagus orientalis Oriental Beech E 2 0 Fagus sylvatica Beech E 4 2 Fallugia paradoxa Apache Plume K 0 0 Fraxinus excelsior Ash E 2 2 Galeopsis bifida K 0 0 Galeopsis ladanum Broadleaf Hemp Nettle K 0 0 Galeopsis speciosa Large Flowered Hemp Nettle K 0 0 Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp Nettle K 0 1 Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair Tree EK 5 5 Glaucium flavum Horned Poppy EK 2 1 Glochidion puberum K 0 2 Glycine max Soya Bean EK 4 2 Glycine soja Wild Soya Bean EK 3 2 Guizotia abyssinica Niger Seed EK 3 1 Haloxylon persicum Salt Tree K 0 0 Helianthus annuus Sunflower E 5 2 Helianthus lenticularis Wild Sunflower E 3 0 Hemiptelea davidii K 2 1 Hesperis matronalis Sweet Rocket E 2 1 Hibiscus cannabinus Kenaf EK 2 2 Hibiscus sabdariffa Roselle EK 3 3 Hibiscus sinosyriacus Rose Of Sharon K 4 2 Hibiscus syriacus Rose Of Sharon K 4 2 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn K 5 5 Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop K 2 1 Impatiens balsamina Rose Balsam K 2 2 Impatiens edgeworthii K 0 0 Impatiens glandulifera Jewelweed EK 3 1 Impatiens sulcata E 2 0 Jubaea chilensis Chilean Wine Palm E 3 0 Juglans ailanthifolia Japanese Walnut E 3 1 Juglans ailanthifolia cordiformis Heartseed Walnut E 4 1 Juglans californica California Walnut E 2 1 Juglans cathayensis Chinese Walnut E 3 0 Juglans cinerea Butternut E 3 3 Juglans hindsii Hind's Black Walnut E 3 0 Juglans intermedia E 3 0 Juglans major Arizona Walnut E 2 0 Juglans mandschurica Manchurian Walnut EK 3 1 Juglans microcarpa Texas Walnut E 2 0 Juglans nigra Black Walnut E 3 3 Juglans regia Walnut EK 4 3 Juglans regia fallax Walnut E 3 0 Juglans regia kamaonia Walnut E 3 3 next Juglans sinensis E 3 1 Juglans x bisbyi Buartnut E 3 0 Juniperus oxycedrus Prickly Juniper K 0 1 Juniperus rigida Temple Juniper K 2 1 Kosteletzkya pentacarpos K 3 0 Lactuca sativa Lettuce E 3 3 Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce EK 2 3 Lactuca virosa Wild Lettuce E 1 3 Lagenaria siceraria Bottle Gourd E 3 2 Lallemantia iberica EK 3 0 Lavatera trimestris K 2 0 Lepidium sativum Cress EK 3 1 Lespedeza bicolor Lespedeza K 3 0 Leymus racemosus Volga Wild Rye K 3 0 Limnanthes alba Meadowfoam K 0 0 Lindera obtusiloba K 2 0 Lindera praecox K 0 0 Lindera umbellata K 1 0 Linum humile E 1 0 Linum perenne Perennial Flax K 3 2 Linum usitatissimum Flax EK 4 3 Lithocarpus densiflorus Tanbark Oak E 2 1 Litsea cubeba Mountain Pepper K 1 2 Litsea umbrosa K 0 1 Lupinus albus White Lupin EK 4 1 Lupinus mutabilis Pearl Lupin EK 5 0 Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato E 4 3 Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Currant Tomato EK 4 2 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia E 2 0 Macadamia tetraphylla Queensland Nut E 2 0 Madia sativa Chile Tarweed EK 3 0 Mahonia repens Creeping Oregon Grape K 3 3 Malus domestica Apple EK 5 2 Malus sylvestris Crab Apple E 3 2 Malva alcea EK 5 1 Malva excisa EK 4 1 Malva meluca K 2 0 Malva mohileviensis K 3 1 Malva parviflora Cheeseweed K 3 2 Maytenus boaria Mayten Tree E 1 0 Meconopsis napaulensis Himalayan Poppy E 1 1 Medicago sativa Alfalfa K 4 3 Melia azederach Bead Tree K 3 3 Melilotus albus White Melilot K 2 2 Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury K 1 1 Mercurialis leiocarpa K 0 0 Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury K 0 1 Nageia nagi Nagi EK 1 0 Nelumbo lutea American Water Lotus E 4 1 Neolitsea sericea EK 1 0 Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco K 2 2 Nigella damascena Love- In-A- Mist K 3 1 Nigella sativa Black Cumin K 3 3 Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose E 3 5 Oenothera glazioviana Large-Flower Evening Primrose E 2 2 Olea europaea Olive EK 4 3 Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle EK 2 1 Paeonia caucasica K 0 1 Papaver rhoeas Corn Poppy E 2 3 Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy E 4 4 Parajubaea cocoides Quito Palm E 1 0 Passiflora edulis Passion Flower E 2 1 Peganum harmala Syrian Rue EK 1 3 Perilla frutescens Shiso EK 4 3 Perilla frutescens nankinensis Purple Shiso EK 4 3 Phellodendron amurense Amur Cork Tree K 1 3 Phellodendron lavallei K 1 0 Pinus cembra Swiss Stone Pine E 4 2 Pinus koraiensis Korean Nut Pine K 4 2 Pinus pinaster Maritime Pine K 2 2 Pistacia atlantica Betoum E 2 1 Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree EK 2 2 Pistacia terebinthus Terebinth E 2 2 Pistacia vera Pistachio EK 3 2 Prinsepia utilis EK 3 2 Proboscidea louisianica Unicorn Plant E 2 0 Prunus armeniaca Apricot EK 3 3 Prunus besseriana Dwarf Almond E 2 1 next Prunus brigantina Briançon Apricot E 4 1 Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry EK 1 2 Prunus cerasus austera Morello Cherry EK 3 1 Prunus cerasus caproniana Kentish Red Cherry EK 3 1 Prunus cerasus frutescens Bush Sour Cherry EK 3 1 Prunus cerasus marasca Maraschino Cherry EK 3 1 Prunus domestica Plum EK 5 2 Prunus dulcis Almond EK 3 3 Prunus persica Peach EK 5 3 Prunus persica nucipersica Nectarine EK 4 3 Prunus sibirica Siberian Apricot E 2 2 Prunus tenella Dwarf Russian Almond E 3 1 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Winged Bean EK 3 0 Psoralea esculenta Breadroot K 5 1 Pteroceltis tatarinowii K 0 0 Pyrularia pubera Oil Nut E 1 1 Pyrus salicifolia Willow- Leaved Pear K 2 0 Quercus ilex Holly Oak E 5 2 Quercus ilex ballota Holm Oak E 5 2 Quercus virginiana Live Oak E 3 2 Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish E 2 1 Raphanus sativus Radish EK 4 3 Raphanus sativus niger Oriental Radish E 4 3 Raphanus sativus oleiformis Fodder Radish E 3 3 Reseda luteola Weld K 0 1 Rhamnus dahurica Dahurian Buckthorn K 1 1 Rhamnus globosa K 0 0 Rhamnus utilis Chinese Buckthorn K 0 0 Rhus ambigua K 0 0 Rhus aromatica Lemon Sumach K 4 2 Rhus chinensis Chinese Gall K 2 3 Rhus copallina Dwarf Sumach K 4 2 Rhus coriaria Elm- Leaved Sumach K 2 1 Rhus diversiloba Western Poison Oak K 0 2 Rhus glabra Smooth Sumach K 4 3 Rhus integrifolia Lemonade Berry K 2 0 Rhus microphylla Desert Sumach K 2 0 Rhus ovata Sugar Bush K 2 1 Rhus potaninii K 0 2 Rhus punjabensis sinica K 3 2 Rhus radicans Poison Ivy K 0 1 Rhus sempervirens K 2 1 Rhus succedanea Wax Tree K 1 2 Rhus sylvestris K 0 0 Rhus toxicodendron Eastern Poison Oak K 0 2 Rhus trichocarpa K 0 0 Rhus trilobata Skunk Bush K 4 2 Rhus typhina Stag's Horn Sumach K 4 2 Rhus verniciflua Lacquer Tree K 0 1 Rhus vernix Poison Sumach K 0 1 Rhus wallichii K 0 1 Rhus x pulvinata K 4 2 Ricinus communis Castor-Oil Plant EK 1 4 Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust E 3 2 Salicornia bigelovii Dwarf Glasswort EK 3 0 Salicornia europaea Glasswort E 3 0 Salix hastata Halberd- Leaved Willow K 1 2 Salix repens Creeping Willow K 1 2 Salvia sclarea Clary K 2 2 Sapium sebiferum Vegetable Tallow EK 2 2 Sciadopitys verticillata Umbrella Pine K 0 0 Secale cereale Rye K 4 1 Sesamum indicum Sesame EK 3 3 Silybum marianum Milk Thistle EK 3 5 Sinapis alba White Mustard K 3 3 Sinapis arvensis Charlock EK 2 1 Solidago canadensis Canadian Goldenrod K 2 2 Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash K 2 2 Spiraea salicifolia Bridewort K 1 1 Staphylea colchica Bladdernut K 1 1 Staphylea trifolia American Bladder Nut E 3 1 Styrax japonica Japanese Storax K 2 0 Suaeda glauca K 1 0 Thlaspi arvense Pennycress K 2 2 Thlaspi perfoliatum Pennycress K 2 0 Torreya californica California Nutmeg E 3 1 Torreya fargesii EK 2 0 Torreya grandis Chinese Nutmeg Tree E 2 1 Torreya jackii E 2 0 Torreya nucifera Kaya E 5 2 Torreya yunnanensis Yunnan Nutmeg Yew EK 2 0 next Trichosanthes kirilowii Chinese Cucumber EK 2 3 Trichosanthes kirilowii japonica EK 2 3 Trichosanthes multiloba K 2 1 Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium K 4 3 Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot K 3 3 Typha angustifolia Small Reed Mace E 5 3 Typha bungeana E 4 3 Typha davidiana E 4 3 Typha domingensis Southern Cattail E 4 3 Typha glauca E 4 0 Typha latifolia Reedmace E 5 3 Typha minima E 2 3 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle K 5 5 Urtica pilulifera Roman Nettle K 3 3 Urtica urens Annual Nettle K 3 3 Viburnum cylindricum EK 1 1 Vitis labrusca Northern Fox Grape E 3 1 Vitis vinifera Grape E 5 2 Zea mays Sweet Corn EK 4 3 - -end-

--Pectin:

--Rutin: often used as a food supplement. 18, Bupleurum chinense Bei Chai Hu 2 3 Bupleurum falcatum Thorow- Wax 2 2 Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark 1 3 Eucalyptus youmanii 1 0 Fagopyrum dibotrys Perennial Buckwheat 4 2 Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat 3 3 Forsythia suspensa Lian Qiao 1 3 Hibiscus mutabilis Cotton Rose 2 2 Humulus lupulus Hop 4 5 Hydrangea paniculata 1 2 Polygonum hydropiper Smartweed 2 2 Rheum australe Himalayan Rhubarb 3 3 Rheum officinale Chinese Rhubarb 1 3 Rheum x cultorum Rhubarb 4 3 Ruta graveolens Rue 1 3 Smilax china China Root 4 3 Solanum tuberosum Potato 5 2 Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 2 3 -

--Salt: -a substitute? Eleocharis dulcis Chinese Water Chestnut 3 1 Eupatorium purpureum Gravel Root 1 3 Heracleum sphondylium montanum Cow Parsnip 3 2 Hordeum distichon Two- Rowed Barley 4 3 Hordeum vulgare Barley 4 3 Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass 3 3 Petasites frigidus Sweet Coltsfoot 2 1 Petasites hyperboreus Arctic Sweet Coltsfoot 2 1 Petasites palmatus Sweet Butterbur 2 1 Petasites saggitatus Arrowleaf Sweet Coltsfoot 2 1 Petasites speciosa 2 0 Petasites vitifolius 1 0 Polygonum salicifolium 1 0 Portulaca oleracea Green Purslane 4 3 Portulaca oleracea sativa Golden Purslane 4 3 Rhus chinensis Chinese Gall 2 3 Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot 3 3 -

--Stabilizer: -this is often a gum and could perhaps be included there. 1,

--Sweetener: -includes sugar substitutes. 80, Acer argutum 2 0 Acer carpinifolium Hornbeam Maple 2 0 Acer circinatum Vine Maple 2 1 Acer distylum 2 0 Acer interius Box Elder 2 0 Acer macrophyllum Oregon Maple 3 1 Acer negundo Box Elder 3 1 Acer platanoides Norway Maple 2 0 Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore 2 1 Acer rubrum Red Maple 3 1 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple 3 1 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 4 2 Acer saccharum grandidentatum Big- Tooth Maple 4 0 Acer saccharum nigrum Black Maple 4 1 Acer spicatum Mountain Maple 2 2 Acer tataricum Tatarian Maple 2 0 Asclepias asperula Antelope Horns 2 1 Asclepias hallii Purple Silkweed 3 1 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed 3 2 Asclepias lanceolata Purple Silkweed 2 1 Asclepias ovalifolia 2 0 Asclepias pumila Low Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed 2 1 Asclepias quadrifolia Fourleaf Milkweed 2 2 Asclepias rubra Red Silkweed 3 1 Asclepias speciosa Showy Milkweed 3 2 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed 3 2 Asclepias tuberosa Pleurisy Root 3 3 Asclepias viridiflora Green Milkweed 3 2 Beta lomatogona 2 0 Beta vulgaris altissima Sugar Beet 4 2 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch 3 2 Betula lenta Cherry Birch 3 3 Betula nigra River Birch 3 2 Betula papyrifera Paper Birch 3 2 Carya laciniosa Shellbark Hickory 3 1 Castanea sativa Sweet Chetsnut 5 2 Cordyline australis Cabbage Tree 3 0 Cordyline indivisa Cabbage Tree 3 0 Dahlia pinnata Dahlia 1 0 Dahlia rosea Dahlia 1 1 Diospyros kaki Persimmon 4 3 Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon 5 1 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust 3 2 Glycyrrhiza echinata Wild Liquorice 4 3 Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice 4 4 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Gan Cao 3 4 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke 4 1 Heracleum sphondylium Cow Parsnip 3 2 Heracleum sphondylium sibiricum 3 2 Hordeum distichon Two-Rowed Barley 4 3 Hordeum vulgare Barley 4 3 Hovenia dulcis Japanese Raisin Tree 3 2 Hydrangea anomala 3 1 Hydrangea macrophylla 3 2 Hydrangea serrata amagiana 4 0 Hydrangea serrata thunbergii 3 0 Juglans cinerea Butternut 3 3 Juglans nigra Black Walnut 3 3 Juglans regia Walnut 4 3 Juncus balticus Baltic Rush 1 0 Larix occidentalis Western Larch 2 2 Melianthus major Honey Flower 3 1 Melianthus minor Honey Flower 3 0 Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston Ivy 1 0 Phragmites australis Common Reed 5 2 Pinus lambertiana Sugar Pine 3 2 Platanus occidentalis Buttonwood 1 2 Polymnia edulis Yacon Strawberry 4 0 Populus angustifolia Narrowleaf Cottonwood 1 2 Pteridium aquilinum Bracken 2 2 Pteridium aquilinum esculentum Bracken 2 2 Rhus ovata Sugar Bush 2 1 Salix fragilis Crack Willow 1 3 Secale cereale Rye 4 1 Smilax glycophylla Sarsparilla 1 1 Sorghum bicolor Sorghum 3 1 Stevia rebaudiana Stevia 4 0 Tilia americana American Basswood 3 3 Tilia x europaea Common Lime 5 3 -

--Tea: -herbs for real tea or in place of tea. 625, Abies amabilis Red Fir 1 2 Abies balsamea Balsam Fir 3 5 Abies fraseri She Balsam 1 3 Abies grandis Grand Fir 2 2 Abies lasiocarpa Subalpine Fir 2 2 Acaenia anserinifolia Pirri-Pirri Bur 1 1 Acer acuminatum 1 0 Acer ginnala Amur Maple 1 0 Acer ukurunduense caudatum 1 0 Achillea ageratum Mace 2 0 Achillea millefolium Yarrow 3 4 Acinos alpinus Alpine Calamint 1 1 Actinidia polygama Silver Vine 4 2 Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern 2 2 Agastache foeniculum Anise Hyssop 5 1 Agastache mexicana Mexican Giant Hyssop 3 0 Agastache neomexicana New Mexico Giant Hyssop 3 1 Agastache rugosa Korean Mint 4 3 Agastache urticifolia Giant Hyssop 3 1 Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony 2 3 Akebia quinata Akebia 4 2 Akebia trifoliata Akebia 4 2 Akebia x pentaphylla 4 0 Albizia julibrissin Mimosa 2 2 Alcea rosea Hollyhock 3 2 Alchemilla alpina Alpine Lady's Mantle 2 3 Aloysia triphylla Lemon Verbena 4 3 Althaea officinalis Marsh Mallow 5 5 Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon 5 2 Amorpha canescens Lead Plant 2 2 Andromeda glaucophylla Bog Rosemary 2 0 Andromeda polifolia Marsh Andromeda 2 1 Anethum graveolens Dill 4 3 Anthemis cotula Mayweed 1 2 Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass 2 2 Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch 1 2 Aquilegia flabellata Fan Columbine 2 0 Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine 2 1 Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla 1 1 Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla 4 3 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry 3 4 Artemisia abrotanum Southernwood 1 3 Artemisia caruifolia 1 3 Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage 2 2 Artemisia montana 1 0 Artemisia tridentata Sage Brush 3 2 Artemisia umbelliformis Alpine Wormwood 1 0 Asarum caudatum Wild Ginger 3 2 Aspalathus linearis Rooibos 3 3 Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort 1 1 Astilbe thunbergii 1 0 Astragalus glycyphyllos Milk Vetch 1 0 Atherosperma moschatum Black Sassafras 2 2 Baeckea gunniana 1 0 Basella alba Indian Spinach 2 2 Berberis lycium 3 3 Berberis vulgaris Barberry 3 3 Berchemia racemosa 2 0 Bergenia crassifolia Siberian 2 0 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch 3 2 Betula lenta Cherry Birch 3 3 Betula papyrifera Paper Birch 3 2 Betula pendula Silver Birch 3 3 Betula pubescens White Birch 3 3 Bidens aurea 1 0 Bidens bigelovii 1 0 Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles 2 2 Bidens pilosa Beggar's Ticks 2 2 Borago officinalis Borage 3 3 Calamintha grandiflora Large- Flowered Calamint 2 2 Calamintha nepeta Lesser Calamint 3 2 Calamintha sylvatica Calamint 3 2 Calendula officinalis Pot Marigold 3 5 Callicarpa japonica Beautyberry 1 0 Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush 2 0 Calluna vulgaris Heather 2 2 Camellia japonica Camellia 3 2 Camellia kissi 2 2 Camellia sasanqua Camellia 3 1 Camellia sinensis Plant 4 4 Cardamine leucantha 2 1 Carum carvi Caraway 4 3 Carya illinoinensis Pecan 4 1 Ceanothus americanus New Jersey 3 3 Ceanothus cuneatus Buckbrush 2 1 Ceanothus fendleri Fendler's Ceanothus 2 1 Ceanothus ovatus Smaller Red- Root 2 1 Ceanothus sanguineus Oregon Tree 2 1 Ceanothus velutinus Sticky Laurel 2 2 Cedronella canariensis Balm Of Gilead 2 0 Celtis bungeana 2 0 Celtis sinensis 2 1 Cercocarpus ledifolius Mountain Mahogany 1 2 Chamaedaphne calyculata Leather Leaf 1 1 Chamaemelum nobile Camomile 2 5 Cheilanthes pteridioides Ressurection Fern 1 0 Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican 2 3 Chenopodium ambrosioides anthelminticum Wormseed 2 3 Chenopodium botrys Jerusalem Oak 2 2 Chimaphila maculata Spotted Wintergreen 1 3 Next Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa 2 3 Cistus albidus Rock Rose 1 0 Cistus creticus Rock Rose 2 2 Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange 4 3 Clematis apiifolia 1 2 Clinopodium chinense 2 0 Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil 2 1 Coix lacryma- jobi Job's rs 3 3 Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern 3 3 Comptonia peregrina asplenifolia Sweet Fern 3 3 Convallaria keiskei Lily Of The Valley 1 0 Corchorus capsularis Jute 3 2 Corchorus olitorius Jew's Mallow 3 2 Correa alba Cape Barren 1 0 Crataegus laevigata Midland Hawthorn 3 5 Crataegus mollis Red Haw 4 2 Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 3 5 Crocus nudiflorus 2 3 Crocus sativus Saffron 3 3 Cunila origanoides Stone Mint 2 2 Dalea candida White Prairie Clover 3 1 Dalea candida oligophylla White Prairie Clover 3 1 Dalea gattingeri 2 0 Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie Clover 2 1 Dendranthema indicum Chrysanthemum 2 3 Dendranthema x grandiflorum Chrysanthemum 2 3 Dictamnus albus Burning Bush 2 3 Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon 5 1 Dracocephalum moldavica Moldavian Balm 1 1 Dryas octopetala Mountain Avens 1 1 Dryopteris fragrans Fragrant Woodfern 1 0 Eleutherococcus divaricatus 2 0 Eleutherococcus senticosus Siberian Ginseng 2 5 Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus 2 3 Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Ukogi 3 0 Eleutherococcus spinosus 2 2 Empetrum eamesii hermaphroditum Mountain Crowberry 2 0 Empetrum nigrum Crowberry 3 2 Ephedra nevadensis Mormon 3 3 Ephedra torreyana Mexican 2 3 Ephedra trifurca Longleaf Jointfir 1 2 Ephedra viridis Mormon 2 3 Epilobium angustifolium Willow Herb 3 2 Epilobium hirsutum Codlins And Cream 2 1 Epilobium latifolium River Beauty 3 2 Eriodictyon californicum Yerba Santa 2 3 Eriodictyon trichocalyx Hairy Yerba Santa 1 1 Eriogonum microthecum Slender Buckwheat 1 1 Euonymus alatus Winged Spindle Tree 1 2 Euonymus alatus apterus Winged Spindle Tree 1 2 Euonymus thunbergianus 1 0 Euphorbia helioscopia Madwoman's Milk 1 2 Eurya chinensis 2 0 Eurya japonica 1 0 Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet 3 3 Fragaria bracta Woodland Strawberry 2 0 Fragaria californica Californian Strawberry 2 1 Fragaria chiloensis Beach Strawberry 2 1 Fragaria ovalis Rocky Mountain Strawberry 3 0 Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry 3 3 Fragaria vesca 'Semperflorens' Alpine Strawberry 5 3 Fragaria virginiana Scarlet Strawberry 3 2 Fraxinus excelsior Ash 2 2 Galium aparine Goosegrass 2 3 Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw 2 2 Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff 3 3 Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw 1 2 Gaultheria fragrantissima Fragrant Wintergreen 2 2 Gaultheria hispidula Creeping Snowberry 4 1 Gaultheria humifusa Alpine Wintergreen 4 0 Gaultheria japonica Creeping Snowberry 4 1 Gaultheria procumbens Checkerberry 4 3 Gaultheria shallon Shallon 5 2 Geranium incanum 1 0 Geranium thunbergii 1 1 Geum triflorum Purple Avens 2 2 Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy 2 3 Glycyrrhiza aspera 1 0 Glycyrrhiza echinata Wild Liquorice 4 3 Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice 4 4 Grindelia lanceolata Rosin Weed 1 3 Grindelia squarrosa Rosin Weed 2 3 Gynostemma pentaphyllum Sweet Vine 2 5 Hamamelis virginiana Witch Hazel 1 5 Helichrysum italicum Curry Plant 2 0 Hemiptelea davidii 2 1 Hibiscus sinosyriacus Rose Of Sharon 4 2 Hibiscus syriacus Rose Of Sharon 4 2 Holodiscus dumosus Rock Spiraea 1 1 Humulus lupulus Hop 4 5 Hydrangea aspera 1 0 Hypericum ascyron Great Saint John's Wort 1 2 Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort 2 4 Ilex aquifolium Holly 2 2 Ilex cassine Cassine 1 1 Ilex glabra Inkberry 1 0 Ilex latifolia Tarajo 1 0 Ilex macropoda 1 0 Ilex opaca American Holly 2 2 Ilex verticillata Winterberry 1 3 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